Aiuto:AFI/Catalan de la Ijules

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Catalan de la Ijules on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Catalan de la Ijules in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

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Scurtedes

The charts below show the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representations of Insular Catalan pronunciations (Balearic, which includes Ibizan, Majorcan and Minorcan, and Alguerese). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-cadia}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Key for Insular Catalan

Standard Catalan phonemes, in bold, are followed by their most common phonetic values and their respective occurrence amongst the Insular Catalan dialects.

Except for complex clusters, examples in the charts are spelled in Standard Catalan.

IPA					Consonants
Phoneme	B			A	Examples	English approximation
Phoneme	Ib.	Ma.	Mi.	A	Examples	English approximation
/b/	b				bell, abans	best
/d/	d				drac	door
/d/	ð			ɾ	freda	there / US atom
/dz/	dz			dz	setze	adze
/dz/	z			dz	realitza	zebra (B) / adze (A)
/dʒ/	dʒ				mitjà, viatge	jeep
/f/	f				força, prov	face
/ɡ/	ɡ	ɡ	ɡ		guant	got
	ɡ	ɟ	ɡ		gas	got (rest of B & A) / RP due (Ma.)
	ɣ	ʝ	ɣ		lloguer	between got and hot (rest of B & A) / d'you (Ma.)
	ɣ	ɣ	ɣ		iogurt	between got and hot
/k/	k	k	k		cor	scan
/k/	k	c	k		cas	scan (rest of B & A) / stew (Ma.)
/l/	l			l	laca, mal	pile
/l/	l			ɾ	mala	pile (B) / US atom (A)
/ʎ/	ʎ			ʎ	llac, cella	billion
	ʎ			l	ball	billion (B) / pile (A)
	jl			l	balls	oily (B) / pile (A)
/m/	m				meu, comte	mode
/m/	ɱ				limfa	lymph
/n/	n				neu	note
/ŋ/	ŋ				sang, víking	ring
/ɲ/	ɲ			ɲ	nyeu	onion
	ɲ			n	any	onion / note
	jn			n	anys	point (B) / note (A)
/p/	p				por, dubte	span
/r/	r				ruc, honra	Scots rook
/r/	r				corr (corro C / córrec V)	Scots rook
/ɾ/	ɾ				truc, hora, per	US atom
/s/	s				set, està, feliç	sick
/ʃ/	ʃ				xec	ship
/ʃ/					guix
/iʃ/					caixa
/t/	t				terra, fred	stand
/ts/	ts				potser	cats
/tʃ/	tʃ				txec, mig	cheap
/tʃ/	j				vaig	young
/v/	v				vell, avanç	vest
/z/	z				zel, esma	zebra
/(d)ʒ/	ʒ			dʒ	ja (rest of B & A), joc, gespa	genre (B) / jeep (A)
/(d)ʒ/	dʒ			dʒ	vaig entrar	jeep
IPA					Syllabic consonants
/l/	l̩				arregl (arreglo C / arregle V)	wrinkle
/ɾ/	ɾ̩				compr (compro C / compre V)	US camper
IPA					Marginal consonants
/h/	h				ehem	hot
/θ/	θ				theta, López	thing
/x/	x				kharja, Bach	Scots loch

IPA					Semivowels
Phoneme	B			A	Examples	English approximation
Phoneme	Ib.	Ma.	Mi.	A	Examples	English approximation
/j/	j				iode, ja (Ib.)	young
/w/	w				quatre, prov (Old Ma.)	quick

IPA					Vowels
Phoneme	B			A	Examples	English approximation
Phoneme	Ib.	Ma.	Mi.	A	Examples	English approximation
/a/	a	a	a		anar, mà	father
	a	æ	a		casa, sac	bat
	ə			a	casa, anar	alpha (B) / father (A)
/ɛ/	ɛ				set	pet
/ə/ (*)	ə			e	sec	alpha (B) / face (A)
/e/				a	entens	alpha (B) / father (A)
				i	naixement	alpha (B) / meet (A)
	e				séc	face
/i/	i			i	sic	meet
/i/	i			a	inserir	meet (B) / father (A)
/ɔ/	ɔ				soc	off
/o/	o	o	o	o	sóc, molt	story
	o		o	a	hospital	story (B) / father (A)
	u		u		oratge	rule (rest of B & A) / story (Ma.)
/u/	u	u	u		suc, dues	rule
IPA					Marginal vowels
/y/	y				déjà vu	cute

IPA					Suprasegmentals
Phoneme	B			A	Examples	English approximation
Phoneme	Ib.	Ma.	Mi.	A	Examples	English approximation
ˈ	ˈ				Aina [ˈainə] (B) / [ˈaina] (A)	primary stress
ˌ	ˌ				Bellver [ˌbeʎˈvə] (B) / [ˌbelˈve] (A)	secondary stress
.	.				Badia [bəˈði.ə] (B) / [baði.a] (A)	syllable break
ː	ː				Gemma [ˈʒemːə] (B) / [ˈdʒemːa] (A)	long consonant/vowel
IPA					Other representations
( )	( )				Camps [ˈkam(p)s] (B / A)	optional sound

(*) Stressed /ə/ corresponds to /ɛ/ in Central Catalan and /e/ in Western Catalan.

Bibliography

Lloret, Maria-Rosa, The phonological role of paradigms: The case of insular Catalan, Barcelona: University of Barcelona
Serra, Pep (2016), Territorial singularity reflected on a linguistic particularity: about a regressive assimilation in insular Catalan, Girona: University of Girona, ISSN 1616-413X
El català de l'Alguer: un model d'àmbit restringit, Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC), 2003