Aiuto:AFI/Sizilian

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Sizilian on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Sizilian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

Per na ntroduzion sun co liejer i simboi AFI, cëla Help:IPA. Per la desfrënzia danter [ ], / / y ⟨ ⟩, cëla IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Scurtedes

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sicilian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-scn}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Sicilian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sicilian.

Consonants^[1]
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	bancheri, abbentu, campu^[2]^[3]	bike
c	chiancheri, cchiù, chiḍḍu^[3]	askew
ç	ciumi, çiuçiari, xuri	huge
d	denti, sarda, addumannari^[3]^[4]	done (with the tongue touching the teeth)
dz	cunzigghiu, panza, n sicilianu^[3]^[5]	dads
dʒ	Giappuni, lèggiri, manciari^[2]^[3]	jab
ɖ	beḍḍu, cavaḍḍu, dragunara, cuntrariu^[2]^[3]	done (Indian English)
f	figghiu, cufuruna, nfamia^[3]	fast
ɡ (ɡ)^[6]	aggrancari, gula, jancu^[3]^[7]^[8]	gas
ɟ	figghia, àghiru, gherciu, tri jorna, jìnchiri^[7]^[8]^[9]	Montague
k	canigghia, accussì, quarru, muncu^[3]	scar
l	valanza, còllira	let
m	mèttiri, lemmu^[10]	mother
ɱ	nfarrainari, nvernu^[10]	symphony
n	novu, cunnùciri, nzèmmula^[10]	nice
ŋ	loncu, ngrisi, sangu^[8]^[10]	singing
ɳ	landreḍḍu, contra^[10]	roughly like corndog
ɲ	lagnusìa, gnuranti, nchiostru^[2]^[8]^[10]	roughly like canyon
p	tuppu, pirchì, sìmprici^[3]	spin
r	rùmpiri, parrata^[11]	trilled r or leisure
ɾ	cornu, lu denti^[4]^[11]	atom (American English)
ɽ	àutri, mandracchiu^[11]	try
s	sugnu, spiari, cassulari^[5]	sorry
ʂ	strata, mastru^[5]^[12]	shred
ʃ	cascia, pisci, scena^[2]^[5]^[13]	ship
t	tanticchia, stritta, muntunarìa^[3]	star (with the tongue touching the teeth)
ts	zappagghiuni, pizzulari, canzuna, n sicilianu^[2]^[3]^[5]	cats
tʃ	pacenzia, vucceri, canciamentu^[3]^[13]	clentch or clash
ʈ	àutri, quatratu, cuntrariu^[3]	stray (Indian English)
v	vucca, aviri, avvucatu, nfamia^[3]	vent
z	sbagghiu, sdisinnata, rosmarina^[5]	zest

Semivowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
j	jinnaru, lu jornu, pajari, piaciri^[7]^[9]	you
w	quannu, acqua, guadagnu	wine

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Stressed vowels^[14]
a	squatra, càdiri, cità	father
ɛ	beni, tèniri, cafè	bed
i	stidda, arrìmula, ripitì	see
ɔ	sonu, vòmmira, masinnò	off
u	zùccuru, curnutu, nacchiù	tool
Unstressed vowels
a	squatra, aviri	grandma
ɪ	càdiri, fitusu	bitter
ʊ	curnutu, càudu	pull
Dialectal vowels
e	(Salentino) càdiri, gammali^[15]	bay

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Examples	Explanation
ˈ	capiḍḍu [kaˈpiɖɖʊ]	primary stress
ˌ	suttasupra [ˌsuttaˈsuːpɾa]	secondary stress
.	triangulari [ʈɽɪ.aŋŋʊˈlaːɾɪ]	syllable break
ː	pirtusu [pɪɾˈtuːsʊ]	long vowel^[16]

↑ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu [ˈfattʊ], mezzu [ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker Template:IPAalink. Sicilian, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g. è loncu [ˌɛ lˈlɔŋkʊ].
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ^2,5 /b/, /dʒ/, /ɖ/, /ɲ/, /ʃ/ and /ts/ are always geminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.
↑ ^3,00 ^3,01 ^3,02 ^3,03 ^3,04 ^3,05 ^3,06 ^3,07 ^3,08 ^3,09 ^3,10 ^3,11 ^3,12 ^3,13 ^3,14 In a few (but not all) dialects, /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /ʈ/, /k/, /c/ and for some even /f/, when preceded by a nasal, may be replaced by their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [dz], [dʒ], [ɖ], [ɡ], [ɟ], [v].
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 The common realization of vowel-following single /d/ is Template:IPAblink.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 Template:Angbr may be rendered as Template:IPAblink before voiceless consonants, Template:IPAblink before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always Template:IPAblink~Template:IPAblink after a nasal; it merges with following /ʈ(ɽ)/ giving Template:IPAblink (e.g. finestra [fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).
↑ If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and Template:Angbr do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 When not geminated nor preceded by a consonant, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ may also be realized as Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively, or dropped.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 After Template:Angbr, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ might nasalize to Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively (e.g. lingua [ˈliŋŋwa]).
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 When /j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by Template:IPAblink (e.g. un jencu [uɲ ˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲ ˈɲɛŋkʊ]).
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 ^10,3 ^10,4 ^10,5 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar Template:IPAblink, the one in /nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal Template:IPAblink, the one in /nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex Template:IPAblink and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental Template:IPAblink (with /nv/ also realized as [ɱː]). A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is a bilabial Template:IPAblink.
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 ^11,2 Template:Angbr has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are: [ɾ] if single, though usually [ɽ] after Template:Angbr / Template:Angbr (or even Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively); Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.
↑ Always geminated.
↑ ^13,0 ^13,1 When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced Template:IPAblink.
↑ In unstressed positions, the mid and close front vowels /ɛ/ and /i/ are neutralized as Template:IPAblink, whereas their back counterparts /ɔ/ and /u/ are neutralized as Template:IPAblink. However, in recent borrowings (mostly from Italian) and in certain compounds, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ may appear even in unstressed positions (e.g. ristoranti [rɪstɔˈɾantɪ], comegghiè [kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ]). The open /a/ occurs in all positions.
↑ Salentino contrasts unstressed /ɪ/ and /e/. A good illustration of that is the word gammali "boot", which in Salentino is pronounced [kamˈbaːle] in the singular and [kamˈbaːlɪ] in the plural, but is [ɡamˈmaːlɪ] for both forms elsewhere.
↑ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: vèniri [ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~ vènniri [ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with a circumflex: nta lu = ntô, pi lu = pû.

[1] If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu [ˈfattʊ], mezzu [ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker Template:IPAalink. Sicilian, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g. è loncu [ˌɛ lˈlɔŋkʊ].

[geminatedv-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ^2,5 /b/, /dʒ/, /ɖ/, /ɲ/, /ʃ/ and /ts/ are always geminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.

[voiced-3] 3,00 ^3,01 ^3,02 ^3,03 ^3,04 ^3,05 ^3,06 ^3,07 ^3,08 ^3,09 ^3,10 ^3,11 ^3,12 ^3,13 ^3,14 In a few (but not all) dialects, /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /ʈ/, /k/, /c/ and for some even /f/, when preceded by a nasal, may be replaced by their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [dz], [dʒ], [ɖ], [ɡ], [ɟ], [v].

[dr-4] 4,0 ^4,1 The common realization of vowel-following single /d/ is Template:IPAblink.

[s-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 Template:Angbr may be rendered as Template:IPAblink before voiceless consonants, Template:IPAblink before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always Template:IPAblink~Template:IPAblink after a nasal; it merges with following /ʈ(ɽ)/ giving Template:IPAblink (e.g. finestra [fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).

[6] If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and Template:Angbr do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.

[softg-7] 7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 When not geminated nor preceded by a consonant, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ may also be realized as Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively, or dropped.

[ng-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 ^8,3 After Template:Angbr, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ might nasalize to Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively (e.g. lingua [ˈliŋŋwa]).

[tri_jorna-9] 9,0 ^9,1 When /j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by Template:IPAblink (e.g. un jencu [uɲ ˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲ ˈɲɛŋkʊ]).

[nasal-10] 10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 ^10,3 ^10,4 ^10,5 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar Template:IPAblink, the one in /nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal Template:IPAblink, the one in /nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex Template:IPAblink and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental Template:IPAblink (with /nv/ also realized as [ɱː]). A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is a bilabial Template:IPAblink.

[erre-11] 11,0 ^11,1 ^11,2 Template:Angbr has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are: [ɾ] if single, though usually [ɽ] after Template:Angbr / Template:Angbr (or even Template:IPAblink / Template:IPAblink, respectively); Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.

[12] Always geminated.

[caciu-13] 13,0 ^13,1 When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced Template:IPAblink.

[14] In unstressed positions, the mid and close front vowels /ɛ/ and /i/ are neutralized as Template:IPAblink, whereas their back counterparts /ɔ/ and /u/ are neutralized as Template:IPAblink. However, in recent borrowings (mostly from Italian) and in certain compounds, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ may appear even in unstressed positions (e.g. ristoranti [rɪstɔˈɾantɪ], comegghiè [kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ]). The open /a/ occurs in all positions.

[15] Salentino contrasts unstressed /ɪ/ and /e/. A good illustration of that is the word gammali "boot", which in Salentino is pronounced [kamˈbaːle] in the singular and [kamˈbaːlɪ] in the plural, but is [ɡamˈmaːlɪ] for both forms elsewhere.

[16] Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: vèniri [ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~ vènniri [ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with a circumflex: nta lu = ntô, pi lu = pû.

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