Template:Pp-move-indef

Template:Cs1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See also'
'

This Template:Cs1 template is used to create citations for academic and scientific papers published in bona fide journals. For articles in magazines and newsletters, use {{cite magazine}}. For academic and scientific papers not published in bona fide journals, please use one of the templates listed on this page in the "Citation Style 1 templates" box. If you have a digital object identifier (DOI) for the journal reference you wish to add, Wikipedia has a citation bot that will read that DOI and expand it into a full reference with the author's name, journal name, date, volume, issue, pages, etc. You can view instructions on how to add this gadget to your Wikipedia preferences at User:Citation bot/use.

Usage

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To cite a professional or scientific journal
{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}}
Vancouver system author style for a scientific journal
{{cite journal |vauthors= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date=}}
or
{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= |name-list-style=vanc}}
To cite a journal article with no credited author
{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}}
To cite an online article that has been archived
{{cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}
To cite an article written in a foreign language
{{cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=}}
To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |format= |language= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |via= |url-access= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote=}}

|} Fal Lua: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage full" does not exist.

{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |others= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |format= |department= |journal= |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume= |issue= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |via= |url-access= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}}

|} Fal Lua: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage vertical common" does not exist.

To cite a professional or scientific journal

{{cite journal
| last1      = 
| first1     = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}

Vancouver system author style for a scientific journal

{{cite journal
| vauthors   = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
}}

or

{{cite journal
| last1      = 
| first1     = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
| name-list-style = vanc
}}

To cite a journal article with no credited author

{{cite journal
| author     = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}

To cite an online article that has been archived

{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| url         = 
| journal     = 
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| access-date = 
| url-status  = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date= 
}}

To cite a journal article written in a foreign language

{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| trans-title = 
| url         = 
| language    = 
| journal     = 
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| access-date = 
}}

To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite journal
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| journal      = 
| volume       = 
| issue        = 
| pages        = 
| doi          = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| access-date  = 
| url-status   = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| quote        = 
}}

|} Fal Lua: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage vertical" does not exist.

{{cite journal
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| others                = 
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| format                = 
| department            = 
| journal               = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-place     = 
| publication-date      = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| biorxiv               = 
| citeseerx             = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| doi-access            = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| jstor-access          = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| ol-access             = 
| osti                  = 
| osti-access           = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| via                   = 
| registration          = 
| subscription          = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
| url-access            = 
| access-date           = 
| url-status            = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
}}

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 last1
 
 last1
 last2
 
 last2
 last3
 
 last3
 last4
 
 last4
 last5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 editor1-last
 
 editor1-last
 editor2-last
 
 editor2-last
 editor3-last
 
 editor3-last
 editor4-last
 
 editor4-last
 editor5-last
 
 
 
 
 
 title or script-title
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 doi
 doi
 
 
 
 
 jstor
 
 
 
 
 ol
 
 osti
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 url
 url
 url
 url
 archive-url

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Examples

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Journal article
  • {{cite journal |last1=Overpeck |first1=J. T. |last2=Webb |first2=T. |last3=Prentice |first3=I. C. |date=January 1985 |title=Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=23 |pages=87–108 |bibcode=1985QuRes..23...87O |doi=10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2}}

Displays as:

  • Overpeck, J. T.; Webb, T.; Prentice, I. C. (January 1985). "Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs". Quaternary Research. 23: 87–108. Bibcode:1985QuRes..23...87O. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2.
Vancouver style (common in biomedicine); see Template:Vcite for specific templates
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/24/20/2339/260340 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523}}

Displays as:

or

  • {{cite journal |last1=Bannen |first1=RM |last2=Suresh |first2=V |last3=Phillips |first3=GN Jr |last4=Wright |first4=SJ |last5=Mitchell |first5=JC |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/24/20/2339/260340 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523 |name-list-style=vanc}}

Displays as:

Include URL link to article, pre-print, or abstract.
  • {{cite journal |last1=Aries |first1=Myriam B. C. |last2=Newsham |first2=Guy R. |name-list-style=amp |date=2008 |title=Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |url=http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |journal=Energy Policy |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858–1866 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |access-date=October 18, 2013}}

Displays as:

If the linked document is PDF, but the extension is not .pdf or .PDF, you may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

Specify the DOI to provide a permanent link, and an URL where the article is free. For medical articles also give the PMID and PubMed Central (PMC) ID
the PMC value will link the free full-text repository, will link the title if the URL is not specified, and will show an open padlock informing readers that the article is open-access. |access-date= is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.
  • {{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592 |access-date=2012-11-17}}

Displays as:

Whereas if the URL had not been specified, then the title is linked to the PMC link, which is repeated:

  • {{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

Displays as:

If the doi link is broken, then use of doi-broken-date unlinks the doi value, indicates when the doi-problem was first noticed, and will also add the page to "CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Mmmm YYYY" (tracking category Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive):

  • {{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi-broken-date=2021-07-01 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

Displays as:

If the article is in a foreign language, and the original title is unknown, enclose the translated title in square brackets and use |title=. Otherwise use |title= for the foreign-language title and |trans-title= for the English-language title.
  • {{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Y. |last2=Lu |first2=J. |last3=Shen |first3=Y. |last4=Lu |first4=J. |name-list-style=amp |date=March 1999 |title=[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats] |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |language=Chinese |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–116 |pmid=11938998}}

Displays as:

Huang, Y.; Lu, J.; Shen, Y. & Lu, J. (March 1999). "[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats]". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu (per Chinese). 28 (2): 115–116. PMID 11938998.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Example using other identifiers
  • {{cite journal |last=Merimovich |first=C. |date=2007 |title=A power function with a fixed finite gap everywhere |journal=Journal of Symbolic Logic |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=361–417 |doi=10.2178/jsl/1185803615 |mr=2320282}}

Displays as:

Parameters

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Syntax

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Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

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COinS

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This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, or &#160;, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

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Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
  • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
  • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
  • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
  • |series=, |version=
  • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |institution=
  • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
  • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
  • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

What's new

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Deprecated

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Template:Disputed Fal Lua: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/deprecated" does not exist.

Description

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Authors

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  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of |first= and |last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and Template:Notatypo suffixes only in accordance with and use honorifics only in accordance with .
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
  • Template:Xtd: deprecated Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
  • Note: When using Template:Sfnote or Template:Paren styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.Template:R/ref Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Template:Citation Style documentation/auto-date-format

  • year: Year of publication. The more flexible |date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date= parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
    1. Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a CITEREF disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
    2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
Fal tles notes: Il tag <ref> con nome "date" definito in <references> non è usato nel testo precedente.

Editors

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Title

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Template:Crossreference

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (") to single quotation marks ('). See for guidance in more complex situations. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ] |
space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
Some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

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  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Template:Cl. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

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Periodical

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Publisher

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Edition, series, volume

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  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

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In-source locations

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Identifiers

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Subscription or registration required

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Lay summary

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Quote

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Anchor

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Display options

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Notes

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Although it may appear redundant to include multiple ids for articles, it is helpful for many editors who only have access to a certain resource. If only one ID is to be included, the DOI should be used, as this is the universal standard preferred by professional publications. Specifying a link as a DOI, PMID, etc. is always preferable to including it as a URL parameter, as it makes it clear that the link is accurate and stable, but not necessarily openly accessible. |access-date= is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.

TemplateData

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This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite journal

This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.

Parametri template

Questo template ha una formattazione personalizzata.

ParametroDescrizioneTipoStato
Last namelast author author1 authors last1

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Lineaconsigliato
First namefirst first1

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Lineaconsigliato
Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 2last2 author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 2first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 3last3 author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 3first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 4last4 author4

The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 4first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 5last5 author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 5first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 6last6 author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 7last7 author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 7first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 8last8 author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'

Lineafacoltativo
First name 8first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 9last9 author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

Lineafacoltativo
First name 9first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Last name 10last10 author10

The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If ten authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last two authors.

Lineafacoltativo
First name 10first10

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Last name 11last11 author11

The surname of the 11th author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If more than nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the remaining authors.

Lineafacoltativo
First name 11first11

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the 11th author; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

Numerofacoltativo
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringafacoltativo
Name list stylename-list-style

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two on the name list to '&' or 'and', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

Stringafacoltativo
Vancouver style authorsvauthors

comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses

Lineafacoltativo
Source datedate

Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication

Dataconsigliato
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed

Numerofacoltativo
Original dateorig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

Numerofacoltativo
Editor last nameeditor-last editor1-last

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first nameeditor-first editor1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor linkeditor-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 2editor2-last editor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 2editor2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 2editor2-link editor-link2

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 3editor3-last editor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 3editor3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 3editor3-link editor-link3

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 4editor4-last editor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 4editor4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 4editor4-link editor-link4

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 5editor5-last editor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 5editor5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 5editor5-link editor-link5

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 6editor6-last editor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 6editor6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 6editor6-link editor-link6

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 7editor7-last editor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 7editor7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 7editor7-link editor-link7

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 8editor8-last editor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 8editor8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 8editor8-link editor-link8

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Editor last name 9editor9-last editor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

Lineafacoltativo
Editor first name 9editor9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink

Lineafacoltativo
Editor link 9editor9-link editor-link9

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor

Nome della paginafacoltativo
Othersothers

Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

Contenutofacoltativo
Titletitle

The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes.

Contenutoobbligatorio
Script titlescript-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

Lineafacoltativo
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Contenutofacoltativo
URLurl URL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol-relative scheme "//..."

Esempio
https://www.nytimes.com/...
Lineaconsigliato
URL statusurl-status

If set to 'live', the title displays with the URL linked; if set to 'dead', the title displays with the archive URL linked

Lineafacoltativo
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Contenutofacoltativo
Departmentdepartment

Department within the periodical

Stringafacoltativo
Journaljournal

Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'

Esempio
[[American Journal of Sociology]]
Contenutoobbligatorio
Chapterchapter

The chapter heading of the source

Stringafacoltativo
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Contenutofacoltativo
Seriesseries version

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'

Contenutofacoltativo
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

Contenutofacoltativo
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

Lineafacoltativo
Location of publicationlocation

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

Stringafacoltativo
Publisherpublisher

Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked; displays after title

Esempio
[[University of Chicago Press]]
Contenutofacoltativo
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Contenutofacoltativo
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

Datafacoltativo
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

Lineaconsigliato
Issueissue

Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically

Lineafacoltativo
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Lineafacoltativo
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.')

Lineaconsigliato
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Lineafacoltativo
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Lineafacoltativo
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXiv electronic preprints of scientific papers

Lineafacoltativo
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Lineafacoltativo
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Lineafacoltativo
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Lineafacoltativo
biorXivbiorxiv

biorXiv identifier; full doi

Lineafacoltativo
CiteSeerXciteseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

Lineafacoltativo
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Stringafacoltativo
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Datafacoltativo
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Lineafacoltativo
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineafacoltativo
eISSNeissn

International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineafacoltativo
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Lineafacoltativo
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Lineafacoltativo
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Lineafacoltativo
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Lineafacoltativo
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Numerofacoltativo
OLol

Open Library identifier

Lineafacoltativo
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Lineafacoltativo
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Numerofacoltativo
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Lineafacoltativo
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Numerofacoltativo
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Lineafacoltativo
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Lineafacoltativo
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Lineafacoltativo
URL access levelurl-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

Stringafacoltativo
Archive URLarchive-url

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

Lineafacoltativo
Archive datearchive-date

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Datafacoltativo
URL access dateaccess-date

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Datafacoltativo
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation

Contenutofacoltativo
Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

Predefinito
.
Lineafacoltativo
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

Lineafacoltativo
Content deliverer (i.e. Database)via

Provider of the article (not the publisher), usually an aggregator of journal articles or a repository

Esempio
JSTOR, Project MUSE, Elsevier Science Direct
Stringaconsigliato
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo
DOI access leveldoi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo
JSTOR access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on JSTOR, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo
OpenLibrary access levelol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo
OSTI access levelosti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'

Stringafacoltativo

See also

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Template:Citation Style 1 Template:Wikipedia referencing Template:UF-COinS